Alluri Sita Rama Raju
Andhra had its share of revolutionary leaders like Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar Azad during the British Raj. Alluri Sitarama Raju was the rebel hero, who along with the tribals, put up a brave fight against the British forcing them to bend down to his pressure and accept defeat.
He was not just a revolutionary of the national movement but also a man of great qualities — he was a humanitarian at heart, a yogi who had done penance for a long time and a patriot who could die for his country. Born into a simple kshatriya family of West Godavari district, on July 4, 1897, Sitarama Raju was the eldest son of the family. His father died early in his childhood. His schooling was in different places of coastal Andhra as the family was forced to take shelter with different relatives at different times. From a young age, Sitarama Raju was drawn towards the service of the downtrodden and towards the freedom movement. Text books and a regular course of study never interested him. He had varied hobbies like acting in dramas, practice of kasarath, yoga and meditation. He was ready to sacrifice all his personal happiness for liberating his country from colonial rule.
During the period 1917-1923, there was a lot of unrest in agency (tribal) areas spreading from East Godavari to Vizianagaram and Orissa border. A lot of injustice was being done to the innocent tribals by the British. Sitarama Raju came to know of this and though he was living the life of an ascetic, he decided to help the tribals. He made them give up alcohol and taught them the art of defending themselves with their bows and arrows. In course of time he started training them in military war tactics, and soon Sitarama Raju was heading a tribal army that was ready to fight the British. His family was upset that he chose this path of life, which would be very dangerous, and they slowly moved away from him. He led the life of a missionary working with a single goal and had no family whatsoever. Since this tribal army wanted weapons like rifles, guns and ammunition to fight the mighty British agency army, Sitarama Raju resorted to looting the nearby police stations where he could find weapons. Rampachodavaram, Addateegalam, Narsipatnam were some of the areas he raided and carried away weapons. It was his habit to scribble a note or sign in the record about the number of weapons he took and the purpose of his visit. Even today the old records at Narsipatnam police station show his signature and list of weapons.
He was popular and loved by the poor tribals. He was a brave heart who was ready to fight the British single-handed. He was the first to adopt guerilla warfare in the State making the British army take to its heels. Sitarama Raju became a nightmare to the British authorities. Since his lightning strikes were too much for them, it was only with connivance and foul play that the British could finally gun him down. He was put to death on May 7, 1924 at the age of 28.
He was not just a revolutionary of the national movement but also a man of great qualities — he was a humanitarian at heart, a yogi who had done penance for a long time and a patriot who could die for his country. Born into a simple kshatriya family of West Godavari district, on July 4, 1897, Sitarama Raju was the eldest son of the family. His father died early in his childhood. His schooling was in different places of coastal Andhra as the family was forced to take shelter with different relatives at different times. From a young age, Sitarama Raju was drawn towards the service of the downtrodden and towards the freedom movement. Text books and a regular course of study never interested him. He had varied hobbies like acting in dramas, practice of kasarath, yoga and meditation. He was ready to sacrifice all his personal happiness for liberating his country from colonial rule.
During the period 1917-1923, there was a lot of unrest in agency (tribal) areas spreading from East Godavari to Vizianagaram and Orissa border. A lot of injustice was being done to the innocent tribals by the British. Sitarama Raju came to know of this and though he was living the life of an ascetic, he decided to help the tribals. He made them give up alcohol and taught them the art of defending themselves with their bows and arrows. In course of time he started training them in military war tactics, and soon Sitarama Raju was heading a tribal army that was ready to fight the British. His family was upset that he chose this path of life, which would be very dangerous, and they slowly moved away from him. He led the life of a missionary working with a single goal and had no family whatsoever. Since this tribal army wanted weapons like rifles, guns and ammunition to fight the mighty British agency army, Sitarama Raju resorted to looting the nearby police stations where he could find weapons. Rampachodavaram, Addateegalam, Narsipatnam were some of the areas he raided and carried away weapons. It was his habit to scribble a note or sign in the record about the number of weapons he took and the purpose of his visit. Even today the old records at Narsipatnam police station show his signature and list of weapons.
He was popular and loved by the poor tribals. He was a brave heart who was ready to fight the British single-handed. He was the first to adopt guerilla warfare in the State making the British army take to its heels. Sitarama Raju became a nightmare to the British authorities. Since his lightning strikes were too much for them, it was only with connivance and foul play that the British could finally gun him down. He was put to death on May 7, 1924 at the age of 28.
Subhash Chandra Bose
Subhash Chandra Bose is one of the most dynamic leaders of India's struggle of independence. He is popularly known as Netaji. He was born in Cuttack, in Orissa on January 23, 1897 to Janaki Nath Bose and Prabhavati Devi. His father was a famous lawyer and mother a religious lady. Among the fourteen siblings, he was the ninth child. Right from his childhood he was a bright student and was a topper in the matriculation examination from the whole of Calcutta province. He graduated from the Scottish Church College in Calcutta with a First Class degree in Philosophy. Influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda, he was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. He went to England to accomplish his parents' desire to appear in the Indian Civil Services. In 1920 he appeared for the competitive examination and stood fourth in the order of merit. Deeply moved by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre in Punjab, Subhash Chandra Bose left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway and returned to India.
After he returned to India, Subhash Chandra Bose was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's views. He then joined the Indian National Congress and worked under the leadership of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, who later became his political guru. He opposed the Dominion Status for India declared by the Congress under the guidance of the Motilal Nehru Committee. They were in favor of complete independence and nothing else. In 1930, during the Civil Disobedience he was sent to jail and released only after the Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed in 1931.
Subash Chandra Bose was exiled from India to Europe, he took advantage of this opportunity and tried to establish political and cultural ties between India and Europe by forming centers in the various capital cities of Europe. He was jailed for a year for not obeying the ban on his entry to India. Congress was elected in seven states during the general elections of 1937 and he was released. Defying the ban on his entry to India, Subash Chandra Bose returned to India and was again arrested and sent to jail for a year. After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and he was released. Next year he was elected as the President of the Haripura Congress Session. He took a very stern decision and brought a resolution and asked Britishers to hand India over to the Indians within six months.
Following opposition to his rigid stand, he resigned from the post of president and formed the Forward Block. He fled to Germany via Afghanistan and tried to persuade Germany and Japan to cooperating against the British Empire. He then moved to Singapore from Germany in July 1943 and formed the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army). The army comprised mainly of Indians who were prisoners of war. The army crossed the Burma border, and reached the Indian soil on March 18, 1944.
Japan and Germany were defeated in the Second World War and a result the INA could not fulfill its objective. On August 18, 1945, Subhash Chandra Bose was declared killed in an air crash over Taipei, Taiwan (Formosa). But there are people who believe that he is still alive and many Commissions were set up to find the truth but nothing could be found about his whereabouts
After he returned to India, Subhash Chandra Bose was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's views. He then joined the Indian National Congress and worked under the leadership of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, who later became his political guru. He opposed the Dominion Status for India declared by the Congress under the guidance of the Motilal Nehru Committee. They were in favor of complete independence and nothing else. In 1930, during the Civil Disobedience he was sent to jail and released only after the Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed in 1931.
Subash Chandra Bose was exiled from India to Europe, he took advantage of this opportunity and tried to establish political and cultural ties between India and Europe by forming centers in the various capital cities of Europe. He was jailed for a year for not obeying the ban on his entry to India. Congress was elected in seven states during the general elections of 1937 and he was released. Defying the ban on his entry to India, Subash Chandra Bose returned to India and was again arrested and sent to jail for a year. After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and he was released. Next year he was elected as the President of the Haripura Congress Session. He took a very stern decision and brought a resolution and asked Britishers to hand India over to the Indians within six months.
Following opposition to his rigid stand, he resigned from the post of president and formed the Forward Block. He fled to Germany via Afghanistan and tried to persuade Germany and Japan to cooperating against the British Empire. He then moved to Singapore from Germany in July 1943 and formed the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army). The army comprised mainly of Indians who were prisoners of war. The army crossed the Burma border, and reached the Indian soil on March 18, 1944.
Japan and Germany were defeated in the Second World War and a result the INA could not fulfill its objective. On August 18, 1945, Subhash Chandra Bose was declared killed in an air crash over Taipei, Taiwan (Formosa). But there are people who believe that he is still alive and many Commissions were set up to find the truth but nothing could be found about his whereabouts